• Central lesions affect the decussating nociceptive fibres first, then the anterior horn cells and corticospinal tracts; the dorsal columns are usually spared
  • Clinical findings
    • Inspection
      • Wasting at the level of the lesion
      • Spasticity below the level of the lesion
    • Reflexes
      • Increased below the level of the lesion (if large enough to affect corticospinal tract)
      • May be absent at the level of the lesion
      • Plantars may be extensor
    • Power
      • Flaccid weakness at the level of the lesion (anterior horn cell)
      • Pyramidal below the level of the lesion (corticospinal tract)
    • Sensation
      • Bilateral pain and temperature loss around the level of the lesion
      • Normal pain and temperature above and below the level of the lesion
      • Normal proprioception and vibration sense
  • Causes
    • Syringomyelia
    • Intramedullary tumours